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Abstract
Building-energy platforms are increasingly capable of collecting high-frequency operational data, yet the path from monitored efficiency gains to audit-ready decarbonization evidence remains fragmented. This paper presents a design-oriented review and reference architecture that integrates building Internet of Things (IoT), edge-cloud computing, analytics, digital measurement, reporting and verification (dMRV), and carbon-market interfaces. Singapore is used as a regulatory case because it combines ambitious green-building targets, an economy-wide carbon tax, and an international carbon-credit framework. The proposed architecture separates six functions - physical sensing, edge integration, data and compute services, analytics, MRV and assurance, and external registry or market interfaces - under a cross-cutting governance plane for identity, provenance, cybersecurity, model versioning, and auditability. A key design principle is that verified energy savings are evidence inputs rather than carbon credits: methodology eligibility, additionality, independent assurance, registry issuance, and, where relevant, Singapore's international-credit eligibility rules remain distinct downstream gates. The review identifies trade-offs between edge and cloud processing, centralized databases and distributed ledgers, and automation and verifier independence, and translates them into a five-phase implementation roadmap. The contribution is a computer-science-centered blueprint for building-energy systems that must be interoperable, verifiable, and regulator-ready rather than merely data-rich.